Properties at Cryogenic Temperatures
The austenitic stainless steels remain tough and ductile to very low temperatures. Metals such as iron and constructional steels undergo a marked decrease in ductility at lower temperatures.
COMMON CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES:
| Environment |
Degrees C |
Degrees F |
| Boiling Helium |
- 268.6 |
- 454 |
| Boiling Hydrogen |
- 252.5 |
- 418 |
| Freezing Nitrogen |
- 209.9 |
- 346 |
| Boiling Nitrogen |
- 195.8 |
- 319 |
| Boiling Methane |
- 164.0 |
- 265 |
| Solid Carbon Dioxide |
- 78.5 |
- 108 |
| Boiling Freon 12 |
- 29.8 |
- 22 |
| Water as ice |
0.0 |
32 |
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON MODULUS OF ELASTICITY:
| Alloy |
Room Temp. Tensile - ksi |
Degrees C |
Degrees F |
| |
|
Room Temp. |
At -196øC |
| 301 |
106 |
25.4 x 10-6 |
28.6 x 10-6 |
| 302 |
88 |
26.2 |
27.2 |
| 304 |
87 |
24.4 |
26.2 |
| 347 |
95 |
23.3 |
27.6 |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES:
| |
Strength by Alloy Listed in ksi |
| |
301 |
302 |
304 |
304L |
3105 |
316 |
321 |
347 |
| 0øC |
| Yield |
42 |
42 |
38 |
28 |
35 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
| Tensile |
160 |
120 |
115 |
98 |
88 |
90 |
100 |
100 |
| Elong. |
60% |
50% |
60% |
58% |
50% |
68% |
58% |
60% |
| Charpy keyhole notch in ft. lb. |
39 |
34 |
37 |
- |
38 |
35 |
32 |
29 |
 |
| |
301 |
302 |
304 |
304L |
3105 |
316 |
321 |
347 |
| -40øC |
| Yield |
44 |
43 |
40 |
30 |
40 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
| Tensile |
180 |
135 |
135 |
115 |
94 |
105 |
120 |
115 |
| Elong. |
40% |
58% |
55% |
55% |
70% |
67% |
55% |
58% |
| Charpy keyhole notch in ft. lb. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| |
301 |
302 |
304 |
304L |
3105 |
316 |
321 |
347 |
| -78øC |
| Yield |
50 |
58 |
45 |
35 |
48 |
57 |
50 |
50 |
| Tensile |
162 |
164 |
165 |
138 |
110 |
120 |
138 |
136 |
| Elong. |
52% |
52% |
48% |
50% |
78% |
65% |
53% |
52% |
| Charpy keyhole notch in ft. lb. |
21 |
27 |
26 |
- |
30 |
26 |
25 |
23 |
|
| |
301 |
302 |
304 |
304L |
3105 |
316 |
321 |
347 |
| -168øC |
| Yield |
62 |
62 |
55 |
40 |
62 |
73 |
58 |
50 |
| Tensile |
210 |
210 |
208 |
175 |
140 |
160 |
185 |
180 |
| Elong. |
44% |
43% |
42% |
44% |
90% |
61% |
47% |
45% |
| Charpy keyhole notch in ft. lb. |
5.5 |
9.5 |
21 |
16 |
24 |
19 |
22 |
19 |
|
| |
301 |
302 |
304 |
304L |
3105 |
316 |
321 |
347 |
| -196øC |
| Yield |
55 |
62 |
57 |
45 |
75 |
80 |
60 |
52 |
| Tensile |
275 |
225 |
225 |
192 |
151 |
180 |
211 |
195 |
| Elong. |
30% |
40% |
38% |
42% |
93% |
19% |
22% |
19% |
| Charpy keyhole notch in ft. lb. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
| |
301 |
302 |
304 |
304L |
3105 |
316 |
321 |
347 |
| -253øC |
| Yield |
- |
62 |
69 |
50 |
96 |
93 |
68 |
65 |
| Tensile |
- |
258 |
250 |
220 |
180 |
230 |
248 |
230 |
| Elong. |
- |
38% |
27% |
41% |
71% |
55% |
34% |
- |
| Charpy keyhole notch in ft. lb. |
- |
- |
- |
19 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
 |
|
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